Protection of mice against Sendai virus pneumonia by non-neutralizing anti-F monoclonal antibodies

Nine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to F protein of Sendai virus were obtained and characterized for their protective ability against Sendai virus infection in mice. None of the MAbs showed hemagglutination-inhibition (HI), hemolysis-inhibition (HLI), or neutralization (NT) activities in vitro when assayed by standard methods. Some of the MAbs, however, showed complement-requiring NT (C-NT) and complement-requiring hemolysis (C-HL) activities when assayed in the presence of complement. Passive immunization experiments revealed that the MAbs with higher C-NT and C-HL activities showed protective activity against Sendai virus pneumonia in mice, and that some MAbs with IgG1 isotype having neither C-NT nor C-HL activity also showed the protective activity. Digestion of the MAbs with pepsin which split immunoglobulin molecules into F(ab')2 and Fc fragments greatly suppressed the protective activity. These results suggest that not only complement-mediated immunological responses such as immune virolysis but also antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or immune phagocytosis, in which complement system is not necessarily involved, play an important role in the protection of mice from Sendai virus infection.     

维西香茶菜的二萜成分

维西香茶菜Rabdosia weisiensis C. Y. Wu产云南西北部海拔2600米沟谷中,其化学成分的研究未见报道。从该植物叶的乙醚提取物中,分得两个二萜成分,一为已知成分trichorabdal A(2),一为新成分,命名为维西香茶菜甲素weisiensin A(1)。 维西香茶菜甲素weisiensin A(1),C_(26)H_(36)O_9,mp 298—300℃,其~(13)C NMR谱显示存在三个CH_3,三个CH_2,八个CH,三个四取代碳,三个Ac,二个烯碳和一个羰基     

A cytogenetic study of mentally retarded school children in taiwan with special reference to the fragile X chromosome

Summary A cytogenetic study was made on 341 mentally retarded children in the Provincial Nantou Rehabilitation Center for the Mentally Retarded and the St. Raphael Opportunity Center in Tainan. Of the 89 mentally retarded children with chromosomal abnormalities, 63 had Down syndrome, 13 had the fragile X [fra(X)] syndrome, and the remaining had other aneuploid constitutions. Family studies were possible for 2 of the 13 fra(X) probands. The results of this study illustrate the contribution of chromosomal abnormalities to the pathogenesis of mental retardation in children.     

Transformation with SV40 virus prevents retinoic acid inhibition of plasma membrane NADH diferric transferrin reductase in rat liver cells

Retinoic acid inhibits the reduction of diferric transferrin through the transplasma membrane electron transport system on fetal rat liver cells infected with a temperature-sensitive SV40 virus when the cells are in the nontransformed state cultured at 40°C. When the cells are in the transformed state (grown at the permissive 33°C temperature), retinoic acid does not inhibit the diferric transferrin reduction. Inhibition of activity of nontransformed cells is specific for retinoic acid with only slight inhibition by retinol and retinyl acetate at higher concentrations. Isolated rat liver plasma membrane NADH diferric transferrin reductase is also inhibited by retinoic acid. The effect of transformation with SV40 virus to decrease susceptibility to retinoic acid inhibition stands in contrast to much greater adriamycin inhibition of diferric transferrin reduction in the transformed cells than in nontransformed cells.     

紫茎泽兰的化学成分初报

紫茎泽兰(Eupalorium adenophorum Spreng)原产中美墨西哥,现在滇南一带广泛分布,对林、牧业生产造成严重危害。其化学成分研究未见报道。 从紫茎泽兰的叶和花序中,分到九个单体,经详细的光谱解析和与标准品对照,其中五个成分的化学结构分别为:正三十二烷n-dotriacontane(1),β-谷甾醇β-sitosterol(2),豆甾醇stigmasterol(3),蒲公英醇棕榈酸酯taraxasteryl palmitate(4),蒲公英醇乙酸酯taraxastcryl acetate(5)。     

Differential amplification of antifreeze protein genes in the pleuronectinae

Summary The organization of antifreeze protein (AFP) genes in the yellowtail flounder was investigated by Southern blotting and the characterization of clones from a genomic library. This flounder, like the closely related winter flounder, has a set of 10–12 linked but irregularly spaced AFP genes. However, it lacks the tandemly amplified set of 20 such genes that are present in the winter flounder. DNA sequence analysis of a tandemly repeated gene from winter flounder showed that it can code for one of the two most abundant AFP components in the serum. Consistent with this higher AFP gene dosage, the peak serum AFP level in midwinter was 9 mg/ml in the winter flounder and only 4 mg/ml in the yellowtail flounder. A recent amplification of the AFP gene in the winter flounder lineage might be responsible for the higher serum AFP levels in this fish. This increase in gene dosage might have helped the winter flounder colonize the ice-laden, shallow-water niche that it currently occupies along the east coast of North America. Genomic Southern blotting of two other righteye flounders, the smooth flounder and the American plaice, illustrates another example of a differential amplification of AFP genes that correlates with a species' exposure to ice.     

Sulfoglucuronyl Neolactoglycolipids in Adult Cerebellum: Specific Absence in Murine Mutants with Purkinje Cell Abnormality

It is shown here that glycolipids of the sulfoglucuronyl neolacto series (SGGLs) are present in the adult rodent cerebellum. SGGLs were not detected in the cerebellar murine mutants lurcher, Purkinje cell degeneration, and staggerer, in which Purkinje cell loss is the primary defect. SGGLs were present, however, in normal amounts in weaver and reeler mutants, in which there is a major and relatively specific loss of granule cells without obvious deficiency in Purkinje cells. In the myelin-deficient quaking mutant, the expression of SGGLs also was nearly normal. The loss of SGGLs in Purkinje cell-deficient mutants was specific, since most of the major lipids were not affected significantly and only the percentage composition of other lipids, such as sulfatides and gangliosides, was altered in the mutants. These and other results strongly suggest that SGGLs and other glycolipids of the paragloboside family are localized specifically in Purkinje cells and their arbors in the adult cerebellum. This is the first demonstration of the localization of a specific glycolipid and its analogs in a specific cell type in the nervous system.     

Generation of therapeutic T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice by in vitro sensitization. Culture requirements and characterization of immunologic specificity

We have previously established an in vitro sensitization (IVS) procedure with which lymphocytes from tumor-bearing mice could be expanded and sensitized to acquire antitumor reactivity capable of mediating the regression of established pulmonary metastases from the weakly immunogenic MCA 105 murine sarcoma. Culture conditions required for the optimal generation of therapeutic effector cells were evaluated in the current study. Generation of effector cells by IVS required stimulation by intact tumor cells. Tumor cells killed by heat or disrupted by sonication were ineffective, but the antigenicity of tumor cells was not affected by gamma-irradiation. Long term established tumor cell lines could also serve as antigenic stimulator cells albeit with lower efficiency than fresh tumor cells. IL-2 was essential for cellular proliferation during IVS. The concentration of 1000 U/ml of IL-2 also induced nonspecific lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity. However, cytotoxic cells were generated during IVS in response to a broad range of IL-2 concentrations. At low IL-2 concentrations (2 to 10 U/ml), IVS cells were generated which displayed little or no LAK activity, had a greater therapeutic efficacy than those generated with high concentrations of IL-2 (100 to 1000 U/ml). Despite having high LAK activity, IVS cells, from cultures where IL-2 was added 3 or more days after initiation, had no therapeutic effect. Thus, the generation of therapeutic cells occurred independently of LAK cell production. Adoptive immunotherapy with IVS cells from MCA 105 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated cross-reactivity with the immunologically distinct MCA 106 but not the nonimmunogenic MCA 102 tumor. In contrast, IVS cells from MCA 106 tumor-bearing mice exhibited specific in vivo reactivity. In vitro cytotoxicity analyses revealed that IVS cells from MCA 105 and MCA 106 tumor-bearing mice were able to lyse both MCA 105 and MCA 106 target cells, but the reactivity toward inoculating tumors was highest. Considering previous findings that the MCA 105 and MCA 106 sarcomas possessed distinct tumor-specific transplantation Ag, the cross-reactivity observed in this study suggests that the immune response during progressive tumor growth may be different from that elicited in response to active immunization.     

中国人线粒体DNA的八种限制酶图及其电镜结构

尽管Anderson等人(1981)已测定了人mtDNA的全部序列,但还不能全面地反映整个人类mtDNA核苷酸序列的情况。因此,在具有代表特征的中国人mtDNA序列被测定之前,为了开展对中国人mtDNA的遗传学研究,笔者构建了中国人mtDNA的8种限制酶图。并通过电镜技术对mtDNA进行了研究,发现了一种周长为2μm的小环状DNA,推测它可能在核DNA和mtDNA之间的信息传递或衰老发生中起到某些作用。     

一种纯化细菌有机磷水解酶的简便方法

Cibacron blue T_3GA与溴化氰活化的Sepharose 4B偶联后,产生一种能有效地分离有机磷水解酶的吸附剂。用0.15mol/L MgCl_2溶液从黄杆菌P3—2细胞抽提出的粗酶液通过柱层析分离,即可得到纯化8倍、酶活性回收率为269.4％的纯酶制品。该酶制品用凝胶电泳测是均一的。